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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Myeloid Cell Isolation from Mouse Skin and Draining Lymph Node Following Intradermal Immunization with Live Attenuated Plasmodium Sporozoites
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Extracutaneous sporotrichosis.

Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto1

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection common in tropical areas, affecting skin and sometimes other organs. Treatment involves antifungals like itraconazole, with surgery for some forms, but neurological cases have poor outcomes.

Keywords:
extracutaneous sporotrichosismeningeal sporotrichosismucosal sporotrichosisocular sporotrichosisosteoarticular sporotrichosispulmonary sporotrichosissporotrichosis

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Sporotrichosis is a subacute-to-chronic fungal infection endemic to tropical and subtropical regions.
  • It typically affects subcutaneous tissues but can lead to extracutaneous infections, particularly in hyperendemic areas.
  • Extracutaneous forms are categorized by lesion location and infection route (primary or multifocal).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the various clinical presentations of sporotrichosis, including extracutaneous forms.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for different forms of sporotrichosis.
  • To highlight challenges in treating specific manifestations, such as central nervous system involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical classifications of sporotrichosis based on lesion location and infection spread.
  • Summary of diagnostic confirmation through mycological examination of clinical samples.
  • Overview of current therapeutic approaches, including antifungal agents and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Sporotrichosis presents in various forms: pulmonary, osteoarticular, ocular, central nervous system, and mucosal.
  • Multifocal presentations are more common in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Itraconazole and amphotericin B are primary treatments for most forms, with surgery an option for pulmonary and osteoarticular cases.

Conclusions:

  • Sporotrichosis requires laboratory confirmation for diagnosis.
  • Effective treatments exist for most forms, but central nervous system sporotrichosis remains difficult to manage with a high mortality rate.
  • Further research is needed to improve outcomes for neurological sporotrichosis.