Perioperative Management of Patients with Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Anesthesiology
• Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

• Preeclampsia is a pregnancy hypertension disorder affecting multiple organs.
• Cesarean delivery is common, and preeclampsia patients form a high-risk perioperative group.
• Significant preventable morbidity and mortality occur in these patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the anesthesiologist's role in reducing maternal complications in preeclampsia patients undergoing cesarean delivery.
• To highlight strategies for managing hypertension and preserving organ function.
• To discuss perioperative care, including anesthesia, fluid management, and postoperative strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on preeclampsia and perioperative anesthetic management.
• Focus on strategies for managing hypertension and protecting vital organ systems.
• Discussion of anesthetic techniques, fluid management, bleeding control, and postoperative care.

Main Results:

• Anesthesiologists play a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with cesarean delivery in preeclampsia.
• Effective hypertension management and organ system preservation strategies are vital.
• Comprehensive perioperative care, including specialized resuscitation and postoperative management, is essential.

Conclusions:

• Optimized perioperative anesthetic management can significantly reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in preeclampsia.
• Long-term follow-up, including mental health and cardiometabolic health, is increasingly recognized as important.
• Individualized care strategies are key to improving outcomes for this high-risk population.