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Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Vietnamese Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Mai Nguyen-Thi-Phuong1,2, Mai Nguyen-Thi-Thanh1, Thuy Nguyen-Thi-Dieu1

  • 1Department of Pediatric, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pulmonary Therapy
|January 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects nearly a quarter of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Screening for OSA is crucial as it can worsen ADHD symptoms and is linked to sleep disturbances.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Child Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Understanding the relationship between OSA and ADHD is critical for effective pediatric healthcare.
  • This study investigates the prevalence and clinical implications of OSA in children with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of OSA in a pediatric ADHD cohort.
  • To compare clinical characteristics between children with ADHD and OSA (ADHD-OSA) versus those with ADHD without OSA (ADHD-nonOSA).
  • To identify correlations between OSA severity and ADHD symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 524 children (aged 6-12 years) with ADHD.
  • Respiratory polygraphy was used to diagnose OSA and determine its prevalence.
  • The Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Diagnosis Rating Scale (VADPRS) assessed ADHD symptom severity, while the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) quantified OSA severity.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of OSA among children with ADHD was 23.3%, with most cases being moderate-to-severe.
  • Significant differences in sleep onset, duration, and behaviors (e.g., bedtime resistance, morning waking) were found between ADHD-OSA and ADHD-nonOSA groups (p < 0.001).
  • Higher inattention, hyperactivity, and behavioral disorder scores correlated significantly with moderate-to-severe OSA and higher AHI (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • OSA is common in children with ADHD and may exacerbate ADHD symptoms.
  • Screening for OSA is essential in the comprehensive management of pediatric ADHD.
  • Addressing OSA can potentially improve ADHD management and associated sleep disturbances.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDChildrenOSASleep-related behavior

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