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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 28, 2010

A prospective observational study on persistent postoperative pediatric pain, 4P: The study protocol.

Johanna Broman^1,2, Niklas Nielsen^1,2, Anna K M Persson^3,4

¹Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Lasarett, Helsingborg, Sweden.

|January 14, 2025

Summary

This study estimates the incidence of acute and persistent postoperative pain in children. It also examines adherence to European guidelines for pediatric pain management.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Anesthesiology
Pain Management
Surgical Outcomes

Background:

Adequate pain treatment is a child's right, yet many experience acute and persistent pain.
Limited data exists on the occurrence of both acute and persistent pain in pediatric populations.
Persistent postoperative pain in children is understudied but significantly impacts daily life.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the incidence of acute and persistent postoperative pain in children.
To evaluate adherence to European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology guidelines.
To identify risk factors for pediatric postoperative pain.

Main Methods:

Prospective observational study (4P) of 1000 children aged 1-17 in southern Sweden.
Data collection on preoperative pain, analgesia, and perioperative management.
Postoperative pain evaluation at 24h, 3, 6, and 12 months via electronic software.

Main Results:

The study will provide incidence rates for acute postoperative pain (APOP) and persistent postoperative pain (PPOP).
It will assess current pain treatment regimens and their effectiveness.
Risk factors contributing to APOP and PPOP will be identified.

Conclusions:

The 4P study will offer crucial insights into pediatric postoperative pain.
Findings will inform clinical practice and guideline adherence for better pain management.
This research aims to reduce the burden of pain in children undergoing surgery.