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Steps in loudness summation.

B E Mulligan, L S Goodman, D P Gleisner

    The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Binaural loudness summation depends on the interaural phase of tones. Experiments revealed loudness summation changes around a specific phase angle, influenced by tone frequency and the Hornbostel-Wertheimer constant.

    Area of Science:

    • Acoustics
    • Psychoacoustics
    • Auditory Perception

    Background:

    • Binaural loudness summation is a phenomenon where sound perceived as louder when heard with two ears compared to one.
    • The influence of interaural phase on this summation is crucial for understanding auditory spatial processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how binaural loudness summation varies with the interaural phase of tones.
    • To determine the relationship between tone frequency, interaural phase, and perceived loudness.

    Main Methods:

    • A loudness-matching procedure was employed with human observers.
    • Monaural-binaural and binaural-binaural alternating tone pairs were used.
    • Interaural phase angles were systematically varied across a range of +/- 177 degrees.

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    Main Results:

    • Loudness summation showed distinct steps of approximately 3 dB near a critical phase angle (theta t).
    • This critical phase angle was dependent on tone frequency, following specific mathematical relations.
    • Observed spatial relationships and relative loudness covaried complexly with phase, showing qualitative shifts near theta t.

    Conclusions:

    • Binaural loudness summation is significantly modulated by interaural phase, particularly around a frequency-dependent critical angle.
    • These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of auditory spatial perception and loudness integration mechanisms.