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Respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity.

C R Bainton, D W Richter, H Seller

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System

|January 1, 1985

Summary

Sympathetic nerve activity shows respiratory modulation, with depression during inspiration and a minimum post-inspiration. These patterns, influenced by carbon dioxide levels, suggest brainstem control of sympathetic output.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cardiovascular Physiology
Respiratory Physiology

Background:

Sympathetic nervous system activity is crucial for cardiovascular regulation.
Respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity is known but its precise mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between respiratory nerve activity and sympathetic nerve activity.
To explore the influence of hypercapnia on this relationship.

Main Methods:

Recording sympathetic nerve activity (cardiac and renal) alongside phrenic and intercostal nerve activity in anesthetized cats.
Utilizing normocapnia and hypercapnia conditions.
Vagotomy and carotid sinus denervation were performed, with animals paralyzed and artificially ventilated.

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Main Results:

Sympathetic activity closely mirrored phrenic nerve discharge patterns.
Significant sympathetic depression occurred during early inspiration and a minimum during post-inspiration.
These inhibitory effects were amplified under hypercapnia (elevated PACO2).
In some cases, sympathetic activity increased with expiratory motoneuron discharge.

Conclusions:

Respiratory-related inputs modulate sympathetic activity at the brainstem level.
Inhibitory inputs likely originate from inspiratory and post-inspiratory interneurons.
These inhibitory effects can be the primary respiratory modulation during tonic sympathetic drive.