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Summary

Athletes with better psychological readiness and biomechanics may face higher injury risk during complex, unanticipated movements. This highlights a gap in current return-to-sport assessments for preventing second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Neuromuscular Control

Background:

Visual-cognitive demands in sports are linked to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Current return-to-sport assessments lack these critical demands, creating a gap in re-injury risk evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and cognitive-task interference.
To identify biomechanical predictors of second ACL injuries during challenging jump landings involving decision-making.

Main Methods:

Thirty-six individuals post-ACL reconstruction participated.
PROMs (ACL-RSI, FJS-12) assessed psychological state; biomechanics were measured during anticipated and unanticipated jump landings.
Dual-task changes in limb mechanics were analyzed against PROMs.

Main Results:

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) showed significant relationships with dual-task changes in biomechanics.
Worse PROMs correlated with less cognitive-task interference, contrary to expectations.
Individuals with better baseline biomechanics exhibited greater risk-associated changes under dual-task conditions.

Conclusions:

Higher functioning athletes with better PROMs and single-task biomechanics may exhibit increased risk under complex, unanticipated scenarios.
This suggests current return-to-sport protocols may not fully capture re-injury risks.
Further research is needed to refine assessments for dynamic, cognitive-demanding situations.