Neuroendocrine tumour of the urinary bladder

We report a rare case of urinary bladder neuroendocrine tumour (NET) in a young, non-smoking man. He had no known risk factors and no comorbidities. After being diagnosed with a bladder tumour while being investigated for flank pain and poor renal function, he was treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumour and deroofing of ureters bilaterally. Characteristic histological features were identified for NETs. After a thorough staging workup by CT of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, MRI of the liver and DOTATATE positron emission tomography-CT, no other lesion or metastasis was identified.Primary NETs in the genitourinary tract are rare, comprising approximately 1-2% of genitourinary malignancies. Timely staging and histological diagnosis are the keystones of initial management. Awareness of potential diagnostic pitfalls is essential to ensure the accurate and timely diagnosis of vesical NETs, given their significant impact on management strategies and patient prognosis.