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Can surface topography reliably determine the Rigo classification system?

Natalie Schmidt1, Adam Thiessen1,2, Marissa Selthafner2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|January 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface topography (ST) offers a reliable, radiation-free alternative to X-ray for the Rigo classification system in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. ST shows comparable or better intra- and inter-observer reliability and accuracy for classifying scoliosis types and subtypes.

Keywords:
Idiopathic scoliosisRadiographyReliabilityRigo classificationSurface topography

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The Rigo classification system is crucial for scoliosis management.
  • Current methods rely on X-ray, involving radiation exposure.
  • Surface topography (ST) offers a radiation-free imaging alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the Rigo classification system using ST compared to X-ray.
  • To assess intra- and inter-observer reliability (Kappa values) for both methods.
  • To compare the accuracy of ST and X-ray in classifying scoliosis types and subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • 31 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients' X-ray and ST images were analyzed.
  • Three blinded investigators assessed images using the Rigo system twice.
  • Kappa values and accuracy percentages were calculated for both ST and X-ray.

Main Results:

  • ST showed slightly better intra-observer reliability for Rigo types (0.77) and subtypes (0.74) compared to X-ray (0.75 and 0.65, respectively).
  • Inter-observer reliability for Rigo types was comparable (ST: 0.53, X-ray: 0.54), while ST was better for subtypes (ST: 0.43, X-ray: 0.36).
  • Observer accuracy for Rigo subtypes was higher with ST (70.97%) than X-ray (65.05%).

Conclusions:

  • The ST-based Rigo system demonstrates very good intra-rater and moderately good inter-rater reproducibility.
  • Surface topography is a reliable alternative to X-ray for the Rigo classification system.
  • ST can be considered for clinical application in scoliosis assessment without radiation exposure.