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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
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Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications - a comprehensive review
Nourhan G Naga1, Enas A Nawar2, A'laa A Mobarak2
1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. nourhan.naga_pg@alexu.edu.eg.
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines
|January 14, 2025
Summary
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), an Orthopoxvirus, is resurging globally. This overview details its history, morphology, epidemiology, and clinical aspects, emphasizing the need for a unified response to mpox outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, historically endemic to West and Central Africa.
- MPXV has demonstrated a resurgence since 2017, expanding beyond its endemic regions.
- The 2022 multi-country outbreak, declared a public health emergency, underscores the virus's evolving epidemiology and global spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of monkeypox virus (MPXV).
- To summarize the virus's history, epidemiology, morphology, and clinical characteristics.
- To offer insights into the recent mpox resurgence and global response efforts.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing data on MPXV.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends and outbreak patterns.
- Summary of diagnostic advancements and challenges.
Main Results:
- MPXV exhibits a distinct morphology (oval/brick-shaped) and complex composition.
- The virus presents two distinct clades (Clade I and Clade II) with varying pathogenicity.
- Molecular diagnostics have advanced, but accessibility remains a challenge in resource-limited settings.
Conclusions:
- The recent mpox outbreaks highlight the need for global vigilance and coordinated response, echoing the 'no one is safe until everyone is safe' principle.
- Understanding MPXV's shifting epidemiology and characteristics is crucial for effective control and prevention strategies.
- Continued research and equitable access to diagnostics are essential for managing mpox globally.
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