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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Direct Observation of Fully Spin-Polarized Tunnel Current Between Quantum Spins Using a Single Molecule Sensor.

Yujeong Bae1,2,3,4, Markus Ternes5,6,7, Kai Yang3,8

  • 1Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, South Korea.

ACS Nano
|January 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers precisely controlled spin-polarized currents using coupled spin centers at the nanoscale. This breakthrough enables nearly 100% spin-polarized currents, advancing high-density magnetic storage and spin logic devices.

Keywords:
exchange interactioninelastic electron tunneling spectroscopynickelocenescanning tunneling microscopyspintronics

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Controlling spin-polarized currents is crucial for advanced electronic devices.
  • Miniaturization to atomic scales necessitates understanding spin interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate precise control and detection of spin-polarized currents.
  • To investigate spin-spin interactions in coupled spin systems at a tunnel junction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a scanning probe tip with an attached nickelocene (Nc) molecule.
  • Manipulated Nc adsorption orientation and tip-sample distances to control wave function overlap.
  • Analyzed tunneling spectra to determine spin polarization.

Main Results:

  • Achieved control over magnetic exchange coupling and quantum spin states.
  • Induced exchange-split spin states by coupling Nc to surface spins.
  • Observed nearly 100% spin-polarized currents in the Nc-Fe system.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated atomic-scale engineering of spin systems for device applications.
  • Highlighted the potential for high-performance spin-based devices.
  • Enabled quantitative determination of spin polarization via tunneling spectroscopy.