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Colorectal cancer and microbiota: systematic review
Nauryzbay Imanbayev1, Yerbolat Iztleuov2, Yerbol Bekmukhambetov3
1Department of Oncology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny
|January 15, 2025
Summary
Gut microbiota modulation impacts colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and treatment. Beneficial bacteria and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) offer protection, while prebiotics can support gut health in CRC patients.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Microbiology
Background:
- The gut microbiome is crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier.
- Host immune system significantly influences gut microbiota composition.
- Dysbiosis is linked to various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of microbiota modulation on colorectal cancer (CRC).
- To assess the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and natural changes on CRC.
- To review existing literature on gut microbiota and CRC treatment.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of original and in vivo studies published in English from 2010-2021.
- PubMed search using keywords: CRCs, CRC treatment, and microbiota modulation (probiotics, prebiotics, etc.).
- Inclusion criteria focused on studies analyzing microbiota's role in CRC development and treatment, with 61 studies ultimately analyzed.
Main Results:
- Gut microbiota metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, demonstrate protective effects against CRC.
- SCFAs reduce inflammation, inhibit colonocyte proliferation, and promote cancer cell apoptosis.
- Reduced levels of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides species, Akkermansia muciniphila) are associated with CRC.
Conclusions:
- Prebiotics and unprocessed plant foods support a healthy gut microbiota.
- Carefully selected probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics may aid CRC patients.
- Microbiota modulation can be a supportive strategy in CRC management and treatment efficacy.
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