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MicroRNA Significance in Cancer: An Updated Review on Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives
Vijay Singh1, Aniruddha Sen1, Sapna Saini1
1Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273008, India.
EJIFCC
|January 15, 2025
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in cancer development, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Research explores their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential for personalized cancer treatments.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression and are implicated in cancer genesis.
- miRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, influencing cancer-related signaling pathways.
- Their dual role involves inhibiting tumor suppressor genes and activating oncogenes, contributing to cancer development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive analysis of microRNAs in cancer therapy.
- To highlight the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles of miRNAs.
- To discuss current challenges and future prospects in miRNA research for cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on miRNA functions in cancer.
- Analysis of diagnostic strategies such as RT-qPCR, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), and Microarray Analysis.
- Exploration of miRNA-targeting therapies including antisense oligonucleotides and small molecule inhibitors.
Main Results:
- miRNAs serve as reliable biomarkers with distinct signatures for various cancer types, aiding in diagnosis.
- miRNA expression profiles can predict tumor progression and patient outcomes, offering prognostic value.
- miRNA-targeting therapies show promise for developing specific, individualized cancer treatments.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs play a critical role in cancer oncogenesis and hold significant potential for clinical applications.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully realize the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic capabilities of miRNAs.
- Advancements in miRNA research pave the way for personalized cancer treatments and improved patient outcomes.
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