Reinnervation of Free Nipple Grafts Associated With Improved Erection Function
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Targeted nipple-areola complex reinnervation (TNR) improved nipple erection (NE) function after gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafts. TNR enhanced both patient-reported outcomes and objective measures of NE.
Area Of Science
- Plastic Surgery
- Gender-Affirming Care
- Reconstructive Surgery
Background
- Free nipple grafting in gender-affirming mastectomy often results in loss of nipple erection (NE) function.
- Preserving nerve function is crucial for restoring sensation and function post-surgery.
Purpose Of The Study
- To evaluate the impact of targeted nipple-areola complex reinnervation (TNR) on NE function.
- To compare NE outcomes in patients who underwent TNR versus those who did not.
Main Methods
- Prospective enrollment of patients undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafts.
- Comparison between a TNR group and a control group.
- Assessment of NE using patient-reported Likert scales and objective measures (areola circumference, nipple height) via 3D imaging after cold stimulation.
Main Results
- Significantly more TNR patients reported NE (72.8%) compared to controls (38.9%) (P=0.03).
- TNR group showed higher median NE scores and greater objective improvements in areola circumference and nipple height post-cold application.
- Improved NE correlated with better cold detection thresholds, indicating sensory and autonomic innervation involvement.
Conclusions
- Targeted nipple-areola complex reinnervation (TNR) is associated with improved patient-reported and objective nipple erection (NE) following gender-affirming mastectomy.
- The findings suggest that TNR plays a vital role in restoring NE function by preserving both sensory and autonomic innervation.