An integrative review of the effects of high-intensity interval training on the autonomic nervous system

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained prominence as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality to improve cardiovascular (CV) fitness, metabolic health, and physical performance. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current clinical research on the effects of HIIT on the Autonomic Nervous System. We conducted the search for studies in the Directory of Open Access Journals, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed, and Scielo databases, in January of 2024. We included a total of 20 studies in our review. This literature review highlights the potential of HIIT to modulate the Autonomic Nervous System, enhancing CV function and overall health. Despite the promising findings, the interpretation of the results is tempered by the variability in study designs, populations, and methodologies. Future research should address these limitations, aiming for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIIT and Autonomic Nervous System function. The review indicates that standardized protocols need to consider individual characteristics and baseline autonomic states for clinical application. As the body of evidence grows, HIIT may emerge as a cornerstone of exercise prescriptions aimed at optimizing autonomic function and promoting CV health.