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Related Concept Videos

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

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Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Identifying internal and external shoulder rotation using a kirigami-based shoulder patch.

Amani A Alkayyali1, Conrad P F Cowan2, Callum J Owen3

  • 1College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Wearable Technologies
|January 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new wearable sensor, inspired by kirigami, accurately measures shoulder rotation. This device offers a cost-effective and practical solution for quantifying internal and external shoulder rotation in clinical settings.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsBiomechatronicsEmbedded electronicsMonitorsSensors

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Wearable technology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Quantifying shoulder internal and external rotation in clinical settings is challenging.
  • Existing methods like motion capture are costly and time-consuming.
  • Surveys and analog tools lack objective measurement and are prone to interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel wearable sensor system for monitoring shoulder internal and external rotation.
  • To assess the sensor's ability to differentiate kinematic differences during shoulder movements.
  • To apply the sensor in healthy individuals to validate its performance.

Main Methods:

  • A kirigami-inspired wearable sensor with four strain gauges was developed.
  • Seventeen healthy participants wore the sensor during shoulder movements.
  • One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping analyzed strain voltage differences between rotations.

Main Results:

  • The sensor system successfully detected distinct differences between internal and external shoulder rotation.
  • Three of four strain gauges showed significant temporal differences (p < .047).
  • Strain gauges positioned distal or posterior to the acromion were particularly effective.

Conclusions:

  • The kirigami-inspired wearable sensor can effectively measure shoulder rotation.
  • This technology offers a promising, non-invasive method for shoulder kinematics assessment.
  • The sensor provides a clinically significant advancement for shoulder rotation monitoring.