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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
10:05

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

Published on: July 7, 2016

Cathepsin-D and outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy: Results from IPAC.

Vincenzo B Polsinelli1, Karen Hanley-Yanez2, Charles F McTiernan2

  • 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.

American Heart Journal Plus : Cardiology Research and Practice
|January 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Elevated cathepsin-D (CD) levels in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) correlate with increased disease severity and poorer clinical outcomes. This suggests CD may play a role in PPCM pathogenesis and prognosis.

Keywords:
CardiomyopathiesHeart failurePeripartum cardiomyopathyPregnancy

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Cathepsin-D (CD) is a protease implicated in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) pathogenesis.
  • CD cleaves prolactin (PRL) into a pro-apoptotic fragment during oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between cathepsin-D (CD) levels and disease severity in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).
  • To assess the association of CD with clinical outcomes and myocardial recovery in PPCM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 99 women with newly diagnosed PPCM.
  • Serum CD levels measured by ELISA at study entry.
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed serially; survival free from major adverse cardiovascular events tracked up to 12 months post-partum.

Main Results:

  • PPCM patients exhibited higher CD levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001).
  • Higher CD levels correlated with increased NYHA functional class (p = 0.001).
  • Elevated CD levels were associated with reduced event-free survival (p = 0.008).

Conclusions:

  • Higher CD levels at diagnosis are linked to worse PPCM symptoms and impaired LVEF recovery.
  • Circulating CD may be a biomarker for PPCM severity and influence myocardial recovery and clinical outcomes.