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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

50
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
50
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

120
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

38
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

212
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
212
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

171
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
171
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

103
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
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Bipolar disorders: an update on critical aspects.

Vincenzo Oliva1,2,3, Giovanna Fico1,2,3, Michele De Prisco1,2,3,4

  • 1Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.

The Lancet Regional Health. Europe
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Summary

Bipolar disorders affect over 1% globally, causing significant disability. Early diagnosis and personalized treatments, including digital health tools, are crucial for managing these complex mood disorders and preventing relapse.

Keywords:
Bipolar depressionBipolar disordersManiaMental healthPrecision psychiatryReviewTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bipolar disorders are chronic mood disorders affecting over 1% of the global population, leading to significant disability and mortality.
  • Diagnostic delays are common due to symptom overlap with unipolar depression.
  • Complex genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors, along with comorbidities, complicate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive update on bipolar disorders.
  • To examine clinical presentation, early diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies.
  • To guide clinicians and researchers in addressing current challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on bipolar disorders.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and contributing factors.
  • Evaluation of existing and emerging therapeutic strategies and future perspectives.

Main Results:

  • Bipolar disorders present diagnostic challenges and are associated with high mortality.
  • Management involves mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and psychosocial interventions.
  • Clinical variability, lack of biomarkers, and regional treatment guideline differences hinder management.

Conclusions:

  • Precision psychiatry and digital health tools show promise for improving diagnosis and treatment.
  • Equitable global care implementation remains a critical challenge.
  • Continued research and clinical practice updates are essential for addressing bipolar disorder challenges.