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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis
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Promising Adventitia in Atherosclerosis.

Maolin Qiao1, Ruijing Zhang2, Xuezhen Xuan1

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.

Current Vascular Pharmacology
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Summary

The artery

Keywords:
Atherosclerosisadventitiaartery tertiary lymphoid organs.vasa vasorum

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The adventitia, the outermost layer of arteries, is crucial for vascular health but often overlooked.
  • Atherosclerosis triggers significant changes within the adventitia, impacting its structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the components and normal roles of the arterial adventitia.
  • To discuss adventitial changes during atherosclerosis, including their pathogenesis and clinical relevance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on adventitial biology and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular alterations in the adventitia during disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Adventitial changes include angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and the formation of artery tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs).
  • Increased axon density, fibroblast activation, and stem cell differentiation are observed in the atherosclerotic adventitia.
  • These modifications suggest a complex role for the adventitia in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The adventitia plays a dynamic and significant role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
  • Understanding these adventitial changes offers potential for novel clinical applications in treating atherosclerosis.