Betanin Mitigates Inflammation and Ankle Joint Damage by Inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB Pathway in Arthritis Triggered by
Yongxiang He1, Shaik Althaf Hussain2, Wenjie Dai3
1Department of Orthopedics, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, 719000, China.
Background:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness, is characterized by synovitis, progressive joint damage, and bone erosion. Even though the potent drugs available contain biologics, several patients fail to react to them or cause hostile effects.
Objectives:
Betanin (BTN), the betacyanin present in the red beetroot, has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and apoptotic properties. In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effect of BTN on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).
Materials And Methods:
The rats were arbitrarily separated into four sets: Normal, CIA, CIA+BTN (25 mg/kg bw), and CIA+BTN (50 mg/kg bw). The hematological, biochemical markers, cytokines, inflammatory enzymes, histopathology of the ankle joint, and protein expression of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins were studied.
Results:
Inflammatory enzymes, histopathological variations, cytokines generation, and joint inflammation were strongly alleviated, and apoptosis was augmented by BTN in a concentrationdependent manner. Bcl-2 and MAPK/NF-κB proteins were reduced, while the caspase-3, caspase- 9, and Bax were intensified. The anti-rheumatic action of BTN was correlated to the attenuation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway, which suppresses cytokine production, inflammation, and reduced cartilage impairments.
Conclusion:
These outcomes recommend that BTN can be employed as a strong healing alternative for RA management.
Insights
Betanin (BTN), derived from red beetroot, effectively reduces inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) models. This natural compound shows promise as a therapeutic alternative for managing RA by targeting key inflammatory pathways.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing joint damage.
- Current biologic drugs for RA have limited efficacy and adverse effects.
- Betanin (BTN), from red beetroot, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of Betanin (BTN) in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model.
- To assess BTN's potential as a therapeutic agent for RA.
Main Methods:
- Rats were divided into Normal, CIA, and CIA+BTN (25 or 50 mg/kg) groups.
- Evaluated hematological and biochemical markers, cytokines, inflammatory enzymes, and joint histopathology.
- Analyzed protein expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers.
Main Results:
- BTN significantly reduced inflammatory markers, cytokines, and joint inflammation in a dose-dependent manner.
- Apoptosis was enhanced by BTN, with increased Caspase-3/9 and Bax, and decreased Bcl-2.
- BTN's anti-rheumatic effects were linked to MAPK/NF-κB pathway inhibition, reducing cartilage damage.
Conclusions:
- Betanin (BTN) demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in an RA model.
- BTN alleviates RA symptoms by modulating inflammatory pathways and protecting cartilage.
- Betanin shows potential as a novel therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis management.
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