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Keratoconus in children in Tunisia: Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features

Sonda Kammoun1, Kmar Maaloul1, Mona Rekik1

  • 1Department of Ophtalmology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

La Tunisie Medicale
|January 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric keratoconus (KC) is a severe condition often diagnosed late. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) effectively halts disease progression in children, offering a safe therapeutic option for this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases

Background:

  • Pediatric keratoconus (KC) presents unique clinical and therapeutic challenges.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing this progressive corneal condition in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pediatric keratoconus.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in stabilizing pediatric KC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients (<18 years) diagnosed with KC.
  • Data collection included visual acuity, refractive error, keratometry, pachymetry, and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • The study included 38 eyes from 20 children, with a mean age of 12.8 years.
  • Significant visual acuity reduction correlated with corneal opacities and advanced keratoconus stages.
  • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) demonstrated an 80% stabilization rate, compared to 64.29% progression in untreated eyes.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric KC is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, indicating a severe disease course.
  • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a safe and effective treatment for halting the progression of pediatric keratoconus.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildCorneal topographyCross-linkingKeratoconus

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