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BDNF levels in serum and CSF are associated with clinicoradiological characteristics of aggressive disease in MS

Michelle Maiworm1, Kimberly Koerbel2, Victoria Anschütz2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany. Maiworm@med.uni-frankfurt.de.

Journal of Neurology
|January 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Serum BDNF levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients correlate with disease severity and clinical characteristics. Elevated BDNF may indicate compensatory mechanisms and reflect further pathophysiological aspects in MS.

Keywords:
Aggressive MSBrain-derived neurotrophic factorGFAPMultiple sclerosisNfL

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is crucial for remyelination, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The relationship between BDNF and early-stage clinicoradiological characteristics in MS remains unclear, hindering precise prognosis.
  • Understanding BDNF's role is vital for predicting disease course and developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) BDNF levels and clinicoradiological features in treatment-naïve MS patients.
  • To compare BDNF concentrations with neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as potential biomarkers for MS.
  • To explore the diagnostic performance of BDNF in differentiating MS patient subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Serum and CSF samples from 106 treatment-naïve MS patients and 73 controls were analyzed using a single molecule array.
  • Patients were assessed for aggressive disease course criteria.
  • Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Higher serum BDNF (sBDNF) was observed in MS patients with disease onset after age 40, ≥2 gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and specific early symptoms (motor, cerebellar, cognitive, sphincter).
  • sBDNF positively correlated with serum NfL and GFAP.
  • sBDNF demonstrated better diagnostic performance than sNfL and sGFAP in differentiating patients with multiple lesions and those with late-onset MS.

Conclusions:

  • Serum BDNF levels in MS patients vary with disease characteristics, suggesting roles in both inflammatory activity and remyelination capacity.
  • Elevated BDNF alongside NfL and GFAP may represent a compensatory mechanism or reflect additional pathophysiological processes in MS.
  • BDNF may offer insights into neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration beyond NfL and GFAP, potentially including apoptotic roles.