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Related Experiment Videos

Conditioned placebo responses.

N J Voudouris, C L Peck, G Coleman

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates that placebo effects can be conditioned in humans, showing that pain relief or exacerbation can be learned responses to a placebo. These findings suggest a learning theory for placebo behavior with clinical implications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Pain Management

    Background:

    • Previous animal research indicated the potential for conditioning placebo effects.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of placebo response is crucial for therapeutic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if placebo effects can be conditioned in human subjects.
    • To determine if both pain relief and pain exacerbation are conditionable placebo responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Four groups of subjects received a placebo cream over three sessions.
    • Session 2 involved pairing placebo administration with either reduced or increased nociceptive stimulation to condition responses.
    • Subjects' placebo responses were assessed before and after conditioning.

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    Main Results:

    • Placebo responses were successfully conditioned in both positive (pain relief) and negative (pain exacerbation) directions.
    • Conditioned placebo effects were observed in human participants under laboratory settings.

    Conclusions:

    • Placebo effects are conditionable in humans, suggesting a role for learning in placebo responses.
    • The findings support a learning theory of placebo behavior and have potential clinical implications for pain management.