Reconfigured single- and double-diode models for improved modelling of solar cells/modules

Proper modeling of PV cells/modules through parameter identification based on the real current-voltage (I-V) data is important for the efficiency of PV systems. Most related works have concentrated on the classical single-diode model (SDM) and double-diode model (DDM) and their parameter extraction by various metaheuristic algorithms. In order to render more accurate and representative modeling, this paper adds a small resistance in series with the diodes in SDM and DDM. The new models are named reconfigured SDM (Reconfig-SDM) and reconfigured DDM (Reconfig-DDM), and they have not been studied so far as we know. A squirrel search algorithm (SSA) is employed to globally find the parameters of the new models. The performance achieved is experimentally tested on both a commercial RTC France solar cell and a CS6P-220P polycrystalline PV module located at Düzce University in Türkiye. A vivid comparison of experimental findings, observation, and analysis clearly demonstrates that the proposed Reconfig-SDM and Reconfig-DDM tuned by the SSA have better capacity and effectiveness for modeling PV devices than some cutting-edge approaches. Specifically, compared with the best-performing approach in the literature, Reconfig-SDM and Reconfig-DDM could reduce the error rate up to 0.37% and 2.58% for the solar cell, and 3.21% and 29.0% for the solar module.