Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

235

Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights

Besan H Alsaafeen1,2, Bassam R Ali3,4, Eyad Elkord5,6,7

  • 1Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Molecular Cancer
|January 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in cancer treatment but face resistance. This review explores tumor-intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms, crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy.
  • However, modest response rates are limited by primary or acquired resistance.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is critical for therapeutic advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance mechanisms.
  • To categorize resistance as tumor-intrinsic or tumor-extrinsic.
  • To highlight the complex interplay between tumor, immune, and host factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ICI resistance.
  • Categorization of resistance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of tumor-immune-host interactions.

Main Results:

  • Resistance to ICIs is multifactorial, involving tumor-intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • Primary and acquired resistance pathways are distinct yet interconnected.
  • Tumor microenvironment and host factors significantly influence ICI efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating resistance mechanisms is key to overcoming ICI unresponsiveness.
  • Targeting both tumor-intrinsic and extrinsic resistance pathways may enhance treatment efficacy.
  • A holistic approach considering tumor, immune, and host interactions is necessary for future strategies.
Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsResistanceTumor-extrinsicTumor-intrinsic

More Related Videos

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells09:32

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

Published on: February 8, 2018

14.5K
Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells09:01

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

277

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
839
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.2K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
469