Disruptive multiple cell death pathways of bisphenol-A.

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Endocrinology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) disrupt hormonal functions, leading to significant health problems.
• Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used EDC in plastics, posing exposure risks through multiple routes.
• BPA's widespread use and environmental presence necessitate understanding its health impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of cell death pathways induced by Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure.
• To elucidate the adverse health consequences associated with BPA-induced cell death.
• To emphasize the need for further research and development of safer alternatives to BPA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies on BPA.
• Analysis of BPA's interaction with hormonal pathways and estrogen receptors.
• Examination of various cell death mechanisms (necroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy).

Main Results:

• BPA exposure triggers multiple cell death pathways, including apoptosis and necroptosis.
• Weak binding affinity of BPA to estrogen receptors initiates these cell death cascades.
• Documented adverse health effects include cancers, reproductive issues, metabolic syndrome, and neurological problems.

Conclusions:

• BPA acts as an EDC, inducing cell death and contributing to a spectrum of diseases.
• Understanding BPA's cytotoxic mechanisms is crucial for assessing human health risks.
• Reducing BPA exposure and developing alternatives are essential public health priorities.