Nuclear power plant waste heat opens a window of next-generation desalination hybridization: a SOAR-based review

This review examines the potential for utilizing nuclear power plant (NPP) waste heat in hybrid desalination systems, focusing on Reverse Osmosis-Low-Temperature Evaporation (RO-LTE) driven by renewable energy sources and atomic waste heat. By employing a SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) analysis, the study evaluates the integration of NPP waste heat into various desalination technologies, emphasizing the environmental benefits and energy efficiency improvements. Fundamental aspirations include advancements in material science and heat exchanger designs, which enhance heat transfer and evaporation processes. The review also explores cost reduction strategies, such as integrating hydrogen production and mineral recovery from desalination by-products. Passive technologies and process optimization are proposed to minimize operational costs and energy consumption, supporting long-term sustainability. This review serves as a resource for decision-makers, offering insights into the strategic use of NPP waste heat in desalination to address water scarcity while promoting energy efficiency and sustainability.