Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...
Insulation Coordination01:23

Insulation Coordination

Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times for...
PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Screening for chronic mouth breathing, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea risks among Palestinian adults in the Gaza Strip during wartime conditions: a cross-sectional study.

Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice·2026
Same author

Risk of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain Among Palestinian Adults in the Gaza Strip During the War.

Journal of oral rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Focusing optical phased array for tissue interrogation with improved side-lobe suppression and simplified beam steering.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Prevalence of smoking, occupational stress level, and associated factors among nursing faculty members in Palestine: a multicenter nationwide survey.

BMC public health·2025
Same author

Silicon nitride PIC beam formers for light sheet fluorescent microscopy.

Biomedical optics express·2025
Same author

320 GHz photonic-electronic analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) exploiting Kerr soliton microcombs.

Light, science & applications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
07:28

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

10.7K

Silicon nitride grating coupler with suppressed waveguide backreflection and adaptive grate design.

Ibrahim Ghannam, Florian Merget, Jeremy Witzens

    Optics Letters
    |January 16, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new C-band grating coupler (GC) on a silicon nitride platform that significantly reduces backreflections. The modified GC design minimizes insertion loss while maintaining high coupling efficiency and suppressing unwanted reflections.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    18.9K
    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
    12:08

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

    Published on: July 18, 2015

    10.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
    07:28

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

    Published on: August 30, 2012

    10.7K
    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    18.9K
    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
    12:08

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

    Published on: July 18, 2015

    10.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Grating couplers (GCs) are essential for interfacing optical fibers with integrated photonic circuits.
    • Minimizing backreflections is crucial for device performance and signal integrity in photonic systems.
    • Silicon nitride platforms offer advantages for photonic integrated circuits due to their low propagation losses and broad transparency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a novel C-band grating coupler (GC) with significantly reduced backreflections.
    • To investigate methods for mitigating insertion losses introduced by backreflection reduction techniques.
    • To optimize GC design for efficient light coupling and minimal signal reflections in silicon nitride photonic circuits.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a fully etched, C-band GC on an 800 nm silicon nitride platform.
    • Truncation of initial grating teeth to deflect reflected light and excite higher-order modes.
    • Adaptive redesign of grating structures (elliptical shapes) to correct phase front errors and reduce insertion loss.
    • Experimental characterization of insertion loss, 3 dB passband, and waveguide-to-waveguide backreflection.
    • Optical simulations to validate performance with varying cladding thicknesses.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a 10 dB reduction in waveguide-to-waveguide backreflection compared to a baseline device.
    • Reduced excess insertion loss to less than 1 dB through adaptive grating redesign.
    • Experimentally demonstrated insertion losses of -8.8 dB with a 65 nm 3 dB passband.
    • Measured less than -25 dB waveguide-to-waveguide backreflections experimentally.
    • Simulations predict -6.4 dB insertion losses with optimized cladding.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified grating coupler design effectively reduces backreflections with minimal impact on coupling efficiency.
    • The adaptive redesign strategy successfully mitigates insertion losses, making the technology practical.
    • This approach offers improved performance for silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits without increasing fabrication complexity.