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Measuring vibrations using Doppler shifted frequency modulated continuous-wave LIDAR with single photons.

Theodor Staffas, Julia Wollter, Ali W Elshaari

|January 16, 2025

Summary

This study presents a frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) to reconstruct audio signals from vibrational spectra. The system achieves 3D mapping and single-photon level measurements up to 200 Hz.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Sensing
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Advanced Detector Technology

Background:

Traditional LIDAR systems face limitations in sensitivity and resolution for subtle vibrational measurements.
Single-photon detection offers unprecedented sensitivity for analyzing weak optical signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel FMCW LIDAR system capable of reconstructing audio signals from vibrational spectra.
To leverage SNSPD technology for high-sensitivity, single-photon level measurements.
To enable 3D mapping of audio signals from scanned environments.

Main Methods:

Utilized a frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) LIDAR setup.
Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) for signal reception.
Analyzed time-variant Doppler shifts in reflected probe signals.
Employed scanning galvo mirrors for 3D spatial mapping.

Main Results:

Successfully reconstructed various audio signals (sinusoidal, multi-tonal, musical) up to 200 Hz.
Achieved vibrational spectra measurements at the single-photon level.
Demonstrated 3D audio signal mapping across scanned fields of view.
Measurements required as few as 100 detected reflected photons per laser sweep.

Conclusions:

The FMCW LIDAR system with SNSPDs enables high-fidelity audio reconstruction from vibrational data.
SNSPD integration provides critical advantages in detection efficiency and timing precision.
The system offers a promising approach for non-contact vibrational sensing and 3D acoustic mapping.