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Related Concept Videos

Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

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Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares...
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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
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An Expert Consensus Statement for Implementing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares in Adults.

Kristi E Pruiksma1, Katherine E Miller2,3, Joanne L Davis4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

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Summary

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares (CBT-N) guidelines are established by experts to standardize treatment. This aims to clarify implementation and terminology for better nightmare disorder care.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychotherapy

Background:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares (CBT-N) is supported for adult nightmare treatment.
  • Lack of standardized nomenclature and implementation nuances in CBT-N has caused confusion.
  • An expert consensus panel was convened to address these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing CBT-N treatment manual components.
  • To develop guidelines for standardized implementation and terminology of CBT-N.
  • To report expert panel recommendations for CBT-N.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature review of nightmare treatment manuals tested in adult randomized clinical trials.
  • Expert panel evaluated treatment components and controversies.
  • Established recommended treatment guidelines based on literature and clinical experience.

Main Results:

  • Recommendations cover appropriate patient symptom presentations for CBT-N.
  • Guidelines address implementation of components like relaxation, exposure, and rescripting.
  • Evaluated components to inform a consensus CBT-N treatment manual.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive manual based on expert recommendations will aid dissemination and clarity in nightmare treatment.
  • Recommendations reflect the current state of the field.
  • Future revisions will incorporate emerging research evidence.