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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.0K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers
07:17

Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers

Published on: November 21, 2011

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Epigenetic Control of Redox Pathways in Cancer Progression.

Vandit Shah1, Hiu Yan Lam2,3, Charlene Hoi-Mun Leong2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|January 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly impact cancer development and treatment resistance through epigenetic alterations. Understanding these ROS-linked epigenetic changes is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies and prevention strategies.

Keywords:
DNA damagecarcinogenesisepigeneticsredox regulation

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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

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Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers
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Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers

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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

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Assessment of Cellular Oxidation using a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is vital in cellular processes, including cancer development.
  • An imbalance in ROS influences cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of ROS-mediated epigenetic changes in cancer.
  • To explore the role of ROS in altering gene expression via DNA, histones, chromatin, and noncoding RNA.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth review of existing literature on ROS and epigenetic modifications in cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in ROS generation and their impact on gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • ROS imbalance in cancer cells alters gene expression through epigenetic modifications.
  • Oxidizing agents and mitochondrial dysfunction are key ROS sources, promoting carcinogenesis.
  • Loss of ROS-mediated epigenetic regulation can drive tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic deregulation is pervasive in cancer, with significant ROS involvement.
  • Studying ROS-epigenetic interactions offers promise for targeted cancer therapies.
  • Redox-based therapies hold potential for clinical applications in cancer treatment.