Cancer metastasis to the upper gastrointestinal tract-a case series

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Metastasis of non-gastrointestinal (non-GI) cancers to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is infrequently documented.
• Recognizing these rare metastases is critical due to unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
• This case series contributes to the literature by detailing seven rare instances of non-GI cancer metastasis to the upper GI tract.

Observation:

• A retrospective series (2016-2024) included seven patients with primary non-GI cancers (renal clear cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma).
• Patients presented with diverse upper GI metastasis patterns, leading to complications like bleeding, perforation, pain, and weight loss.
• Interventions included gastroscopy, biopsy, and surgical resection, with varied patient outcomes.

Findings:

• Upper GI metastasis from non-GI primary tumors necessitates a high index of suspicion in patients with a history of malignancy presenting with unexplained GI symptoms.
• The case series underscores the varied clinical presentations and complications associated with upper GI metastasis from non-GI cancers.
• Management challenges include recurrent bleeding and perforation, even with targeted therapies.

Implications:

• Early identification and prompt, personalized management strategies are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for optimizing the care of patients with non-GI cancer metastasis to the upper GI tract.
• Further research into optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these rare cases is warranted.