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Diagnostic Challenges and Insights Into Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review
Nandan M Shanbhag1,2, Mouza A Ameri3, Sneha N Shanbhag4
1Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, ARE.
Cureus
|January 16, 2025
Summary
Diagnosing granulomatous mastitis (GM) is challenging due to its similarity to breast cancer. Histopathology is key, but new imaging and molecular tools can improve accuracy and management.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Radiology
Background:
- Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory breast condition.
- GM mimics malignancies, posing diagnostic challenges.
- Accurate diagnosis is vital for appropriate patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review diagnostic methodologies for granulomatous mastitis.
- To evaluate the accuracy and limitations of various diagnostic tools.
- To identify emerging techniques for improved GM diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 31 studies meeting inclusion criteria.
- Data extraction on diagnostic methods, sample sizes, and accuracy.
- Analysis of traditional and novel diagnostic approaches.
Main Results:
- Histopathology is the definitive diagnostic standard for GM.
- Imaging (ultrasound, MRI) and PCR are valuable adjunctive tools but lack specificity.
- Emerging techniques like quantitative imaging and molecular diagnostics show promise.
Conclusions:
- A multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings is crucial.
- Histopathology remains the gold standard for GM diagnosis.
- Further research and standardized protocols are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and management.
