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Activated sludge prokaryote and eukaryote characterization in a pulp mill facility using amplicon sequencing.

Ignacio López Bravo1, María Fernanda Dominguez2,3, Ana Claudia Mionetto1

  • 1Montes del Plata, Colonia, Uruguay.

Heliyon
|January 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Metabarcoding reveals the microbial communities in pulp mill activated sludge, identifying key eukaryotic and prokaryotic groups. This DNA sequencing approach offers a powerful tool for monitoring and improving wastewater treatment in the pulp and paper industry.

Keywords:
16S amplicon sequencing18S amplicon sequencingActivated sludgeExtended aeration-activated sludge reactorMicrobial communitiesMonitoringPulp industry

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Molecular Ecology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment relies on activated sludge (AS) systems.
  • Current monitoring methods show limited correlation with chemical parameters.
  • Microbial community composition significantly impacts AS reactor efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively profile prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities in pulp mill AS using metabarcoding.
  • To evaluate metabarcoding as a tool for routine microbial community surveillance in wastewater treatment.
  • To establish a baseline for microbial communities in AS for improved environmental management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MinION and Illumina sequencing for 16S (prokaryotic) and 18S (eukaryotic) amplicon sequencing.
  • Analyzed microbial communities in extended aeration-activated sludge from a pulp mill.
  • Compared metabarcoding results with traditional microscopy-based assessments.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic communities dominated by Protists (Ciliophora), Rotifers (Animalia), and Fungi (Cryptomycota).
  • Prokaryotic communities revealed dominant genera such as Terrimonas, Defluviicoccus, and Methylocaldum.
  • Metabarcoding provided deeper insights than microscopy, showing consistent taxonomic trends and highlighting specific dominant groups.

Conclusions:

  • Metabarcoding is a feasible and powerful tool for comprehensive microbial community analysis in pulp mill AS.
  • Characterization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities is crucial for effective reactor operation and environmental management.
  • This study establishes a baseline for microbial communities, paving the way for linking microbial data with process patterns.