Incidental venous thrombosis in oncology in a sub-Saharan tertiary hospital

The relationship between cancer and thrombosis was initially highlighted in the 19th century. Vascular complications in oncology can be arterial or venous thrombosis, and incidental pulmonary embolism is a growing challenge. We aimed to describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of cancer patients with incidental venous thromboembolism (iVTE). We conducted a descriptive study at the Yaounde General Hospital. We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer, followed up on an outpatient basis, in whom an iVTE was identified on a computed tomography scan performed to evaluate tumour status over a 6-month period. Of the 359 patients, 19 had venous thromboses, representing a frequency of 5.3%. The mean age was 51.2 years. The sex ratio was 1.1 in favour of males. Comorbidities found were diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Colon cancer (5), ovarian cancer (3) and lung cancer (3) were the most frequent diagnoses. All patients had advanced disease with 14 (73.7%) being naive to anticancer treatment. Pulmonary arteries were the most affected vessel (63.1%). The frequency of iVTE in a sub-Saharan context was around 5%.