Oral Blue Nevus of the Lingual Gingiva: A Case Report

Oral melanocytic nevi (OMN) are rare benign tumors originating from melanocytes with an unclear pathogenesis. The current theory suggests that OMN originate from dormant dendritic melanocytes that become enclosed in the dermis during the embryonic migration of melanoblasts - the precursors of melanocytes - from the neural crest to the epidermis. OMN can be congenital or acquired, with acquired nevi being more common. These nevi are classified into several types based on histological features, including junctional, compound, intradermal, combined, and blue nevi. Among these, intramucosal nevi are the most frequent, followed by blue nevi. Oral blue nevus, although rare, is typically asymptomatic and commonly found on the hard palate. This report presents a case of a blue nevus located on the lingual attached gingiva of a 37-year-old male patient. Despite the benign nature of blue nevi, their clinical appearance often mimics other pigmented lesions, including malignant melanoma. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing blue nevi from other oral melanocytic lesions through histopathological examination to ensure proper diagnosis and management. The report also emphasizes the role of routine oral examinations in the early detection of such lesions, especially given the potential for misdiagnosis in clinical practice.