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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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Two Head and Neck Cancers in an Adult With Intellectual Disability and Rett Syndrome: A Case Report.

Low Yu Xin Anabella1, Yang Jing Rong1, Rahul Harshad Nagadia2,3

  • 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.

Special Care in Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry
|January 16, 2025
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Summary

This case report details a rare instance of head and neck cancer in a person with intellectual disability. It emphasizes the need for specialized dental care and behavioral support throughout cancer treatment.

Keywords:
hospital dentistryintellectual disabilityoral cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Intellectual Disability Research
  • Syndromology

Background:

  • Head and neck cancers are infrequently reported in persons with intellectual disability (PWID), leading to a poor understanding of their unique challenges.
  • PWID encounter significant healthcare access barriers, which are exacerbated by a cancer diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 34-year-old Chinese female with Rett syndrome and intellectual disability presented with concurrent primary cancers of the tongue and trachea.
  • The patient's intellectual disability and specific syndrome presented unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment management.

Findings:

  • The case underscores the critical role of regular dental reviews in cancer surveillance for PWID.
  • Effective post-operative supportive dental care is essential for patients with intellectual disability undergoing head and neck cancer treatment.
  • Behavioral management strategies are crucial for navigating the complexities of cancer diagnosis and treatment in this population.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the need for tailored healthcare protocols for PWID with cancer, integrating dental and behavioral support.
  • Increased awareness and research are necessary to improve cancer outcomes for persons with intellectual disability.
  • Healthcare providers should consider the specific needs of PWID, including those with rare syndromes like Rett, when managing cancer.