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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Axilla Management in Breast Cancer Surgery: Brief Review and Current Practice Recommendations.

Karla Lužaić1, Konstantinos Lachanas2, Konstantinos-Odysseas Vamvakopoulos3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Sisak-Moslavina County, Sisak, Croatia.

The American Surgeon
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Breast cancer care has shifted from extensive axillary lymph node dissection to less invasive surgical methods. Clinical findings are guiding treatment, enabling further de-escalation in breast cancer surgery.

Keywords:
breast-conserving surgerycomplete axillary lymph node dissectionlymph nodesneoadjuvant chemotherapyradiotherapy of the axilla

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Research

Background:

  • The management of the axilla in breast cancer has evolved over three decades.
  • Traditional complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is being replaced by minimally invasive techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of axillary staging in breast cancer.
  • To highlight clinical findings driving the shift towards less invasive surgical approaches.
  • To discuss future directions in de-escalating axillary surgery for breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical findings and treatment evolution.
  • Analysis of the transition from complete axillary lymph node dissection to less invasive methods.
  • Synthesis of current practices and future trends in breast cancer axillary management.

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in axillary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies over the last 30 years.
  • Clinical evidence supports the move away from complete axillary lymph node dissection.
  • Emerging trends indicate further de-escalation in surgical management is feasible.

Conclusions:

  • The approach to the breast cancer axilla has been successfully de-escalated.
  • Clinical findings provide a basis for current, less invasive treatment recommendations.
  • Continued research will likely lead to further reductions in surgical invasiveness for axillary staging.