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Updated: Jun 2, 2025
Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
Published on: July 12, 2024
Level of elderly-supportive infrastructure, fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease hospitalisations: a
Mengxue Qin1, Xingyuan Liu2, Luyao Wang1
1Center of Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Background:
Amid rapid urbanisation, the health effects of the built-environment have been widely studied, while research on elderly-supportive infrastructure and its interaction with PM2.5 (PM, Particulate Matter) exposure remains limited.
Objectives:
To examine the effect of PM2.5 on cardiovascular hospitalisation risk among the elderly and the moderating role of elderly-supportive infrastructure in Wuhan, a city undergoing rapid urbanisation.
Methods:
A time-stratified case-crossover design was adopted in which the K-means cluster analysis was applied to categorize elderly-supportive infrastructure. The correlation of PM2.5 with cardiovascular hospitalisations and the moderating role of elderly-supportive infrastructure were elucidated through the conditional logistic regression and z-test. Nonlinear relationships among variables were determined using restricted cubic splines.
Results:
173,486 case days and 589,188 control days were included. The cumulative lag effect of PM2.5 increased over time, peaking at 5 days. For every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the risk of hospitalisation rose by 1.5% (OR = 1.0150, 95% CI: 1.0113-1.0190). The aforementioned effect of PM2.5 exposure on health did not differ among varying levels of elderly-supportive infrastructure within a 300 m buffer zone. When the buffer zone was extended to 500 and 1000 m, a higher level of elderly-supportive infrastructure mitigated the adverse effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure on cardiovascular hospitalisations (p = 0.013), particularly for stroke (p = 0.017) and ischaemic heart disease (p = 0.026).
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that high-level elderly-supportive infrastructure may protect against the adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular hospitalisation, highlighting the need to optimize elderly-supportive infrastructure for its health benefits in the elderly.
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