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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2025

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Treating self-harm behaviors in prisons: implementation of the STEPPS program.

Rosa Lorente-Català1, Irene Jaén2, Xavier Buscà-Huertas3

  • 1Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.

BMC Psychology
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) program effectively reduced self-harm behaviors and emotional dysregulation in Spanish inmates. Professionals found the program feasible and appropriate, despite implementation challenges.

Keywords:
Correctional facilitiesImplementation researchPenitentiary interventionSTEPPSSelf-harm behaviors

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Area of Science:

  • Correctional mental health
  • Forensic psychology
  • Program implementation science

Background:

  • Addressing self-harm in correctional facilities presents significant implementation challenges for evidence-based programs.
  • The Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) program shows promise in reducing self-harm behaviors within prison settings.
  • This study investigated inmate profiles and the STEPPS program's effectiveness and implementation in Catalonia, Spain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine inmate profiles within Catalan prisons.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the STEPPS program in reducing self-harm behaviors and improving mental health symptoms.
  • To assess the implementation process and professional perceptions of the STEPPS program.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 41 inmates who completed measures on self-harm, emotion regulation, impulsivity, mental health, and satisfaction.
  • 24 professionals implementing the STEPPS program completed measures on satisfaction, normalization process, burnout, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.
  • Retrospective registration on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06297460).

Main Results:

  • The STEPPS program significantly decreased emotional dysregulation, motor impulsivity, and compulsive symptoms in inmates.
  • Professionals reported high satisfaction, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the STEPPS program.
  • Feasibility perception decreased post-implementation due to contextual factors, yet professionals remained committed without increased burnout.

Conclusions:

  • The STEPPS program is a promising intervention for addressing self-harm behaviors in correctional settings.
  • Findings enhance understanding of self-harm in prisons and the STEPPS program's utility.
  • Programmatic improvements are recommended to optimize STEPPS implementation within correctional facilities.