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Comparing Five Generations of ActiGraph Devices Using an Orbital Shaker.

Samuel R Lamunion¹, Joe Nguyen², Robert J Brychta¹

¹Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD.

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Summary

This study validated five ActiGraph accelerometer generations, finding minimal differences in raw output. Post-hoc calibration or using integrated units like MIMS or counts minimized variability in physical activity assessments.

Keywords:

DATA INTEGRITY DEVICE VERIFICATION PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT RELIABILITY VARIABILITY

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Wearable Technology
Physical Activity Measurement

Background:

ActiGraph accelerometers are widely used for objective assessment of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep.
Validation of different ActiGraph sensor generations is crucial due to potential hardware or firmware changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To objectively validate five generations of ActiGraph sensors.
To characterize potential differences in output across generations.
To assess agreement with a criterion accelerometer under controlled conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized an orbital shaker to generate accelerations from 0 to 3700 milli-g.
Tested wGT3X-BT, GT9X, CentrePoint Insight Watch (CPIW) 1.0 and 2.0, and GT3X+ devices.
Primary outcome was raw vector magnitude (VM) agreement (absolute and relative) to a calibrated 3DM accelerometer.

Main Results:

Observed inter- and intragenerational differences in static offset, particularly at lower accelerations.
All generations met ±5% relative agreement and ±50 mg absolute agreement limits below 3000 milli-g.
Small drift was noted relative to the acceleration signal, with variations mitigated by post-hoc calibration or integrated units (counts, MIMS).

Conclusions:

Small differences in raw ActiGraph output exist across five generations but are generally within acceptable limits.
Variability is minimized when using autocalibration or expressing data in MIMS or counts.
ActiGraph devices demonstrate largely consistent performance for free-living physical activity assessment across generations.