Pregnancy Outcomes After Transvaginal Radiofrequency Ablation of Leiomyomas

To evaluate pregnancy outcomes after transvaginal radiofrequency ablation of leiomyomas.

We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 226 pregnant patients after transvaginal radiofrequency ablation of leiomyomas from January 1, 2017, to February 28, 2022.

Patients' mean age was 37.4 years. The preoperative median leiomyoma volume before transvaginal radiofrequency ablation was 52.4 mL, and the median volume reduction at 6 and 12 months was 49.4% and 69.8%, respectively. The median interval time from transvaginal radiofrequency ablation to pregnancy was 9.3 months (interquartile range 5.6-15.1 months). Pregnancy was spontaneous in 78 patients (34.5%) and by assisted reproductive technologies in 148 (65.5%). Miscarriage occurred in 36 patients (15.9%), premature delivery (before 37 weeks of gestation) in 4.1%, and preeclampsia in 4.3%. There was one instance of placenta accreta in a patient with a history of open myomectomy. There were no instances of uterine rupture, placental abruption, or fetal growth restriction. The cesarean delivery rate was 26.4%; the remaining patients had normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Patients with a volume of leiomyoma more than 58.6 mL had a longer interval time from transvaginal radiofrequency ablation to pregnancy ( P <.05). An increased miscarriage rate was observed when the interval time to pregnancy was shorter than 5.7 months ( P <.05).

Pregnancy outcomes after transvaginal radiofrequency ablation of leiomyomas were similar to those of a general population with no instances of uterine rupture, placental abruption, or fetal growth restriction.