Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities in the aging mouse

Previous results from this laboratory demonstrated that glutathione concentrations decrease in aging mouse tissues. In this investigation glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and glutathione (GSSG) reductase activities were measured in tissues of standardized aging mice. Methods were validated for the quantitative determination of both enzymes in liver, kidney and heart tissues. GSH peroxidase activities were 27-53% lower in liver, kidney and heart of very old (36 months) mice compared to mature (10 months) mice (P less than 0.01). The same aging decreases were found with either hydrogen peroxide or cumene hydroperoxide as substrate. In a similar way GSSG reductase activities in liver and kidney were 25-28% lower in the old versus mature mice (P less than 0.01), but heart levels were unchanged. Further the lower GSSG reductase levels were unaffected by FAD supplementation in vitro. The changes in specific activity for both enzymes were not due to changes in organ weights and total protein contents, which were constant from 10 to 36 months of age. These decreases in GSH peroxidase and GSSG reductase do not account for the lower GSH levels in aging. Of special importance, however, is that these decreases indicate that detoxification via glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase could be impaired in senescence.