Comprehensive Review on Bio-Based Treatments for Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic.

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Polymer Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a ubiquitous plastic, contributing significantly to environmental micro-/nanoplastic pollution.
• Existing research extensively covers PVC additive biodegradation but lacks focus on polymer bio-based treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review and assess all reported physical, chemical, and biological approaches for PVC degradation.
• To discuss toxicity challenges associated with PVC mitigation and explore novel bio-based treatment mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of literature on PVC degradation processes, including biodeterioration, biocatalysis, and biodegradation.
• Assessment of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods.
• Highlighting recent advancements such as the use of invertebrate species and specific enzymes (peroxidases, alkane monooxygenase, laccase).

Main Results:

• Detailed discussion of various PVC degradation pathways and associated toxicity issues.
• Evaluation of the efficacy and limitations of different treatment methodologies.
• Identification of promising bio-based approaches for PVC remediation.

Conclusions:

• Bio-based treatment strategies offer a promising avenue for mitigating PVC pollution, complementing physical and chemical methods.
• Further research into functional genomes, genes, and OMICS is recommended to predict and address future PVC pollution challenges.
• Enzyme-assisted and invertebrate-mediated degradation represent key areas for advancing PVC bioremediation.