Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Psychological distress and tumor cell β2-adrenergic receptor levels in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)·2026

Same author

2,8-Dihydroxyadenine disrupts epithelial integrity and alters kidney cell phenotype in vitro.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2026

Same author

Mechanistic Insights into Tumorigenesis from Serum Proteins.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Same author

A novel macrolide, EP395, with reduced antibacterial activity and an enhancing effect on respiratory epithelial barrier.

Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics·2025

Same author

The Non-Antibacterial Effects of Azithromycin and Other Macrolides on the Bronchial Epithelial Barrier and Cellular Differentiation.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

The influence of physical and spatial substrate characteristics on endothelial cells.

Materials today. Bio·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

Breast Morphogenesis: From Normal Development to Cancer.

Saevar Ingthorsson^1,2, Gunnhildur Asta Traustadottir^1,3, Thorarinn Gudjonsson^4,5

¹Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|January 17, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The human breast gland

Keywords:

Branching morphogenesis EMT Epithelial remodelling Hormonal regulation Stem cells

More Related Videos

Growth and Characterization of Irradiated Organoids from Mammary Glands

Growth and Characterization of Irradiated Organoids from Mammary Glands

Published on: May 3, 2019

Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres

Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres

Published on: November 8, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

Growth and Characterization of Irradiated Organoids from Mammary Glands

Growth and Characterization of Irradiated Organoids from Mammary Glands

Published on: May 3, 2019

Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres

Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres

Published on: November 8, 2014

Area of Science:

Mammary gland development
Breast epithelial biology
Cancer microenvironment

Background:

The breast gland's structure involves branching ducts and terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs).
Luminal epithelial cells (LEP) and myoepithelial cells (MEP) originate from common stem cells.
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone, regulate breast epithelial remodeling throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore branching morphogenesis in normal breast development.
To discuss lineage relationships between LEPs and MEPs.
To examine stromal interactions in normal and cancerous breast tissue.

Main Methods:

Review of developmental processes including branching morphogenesis.
Analysis of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET).
Discussion of in vitro and in vivo models in mammary gland research.

Main Results:

Branching morphogenesis is crucial for expanding milk production surface area.
EMT and MET provide epithelial plasticity for cell migration.
The tumor microenvironment can promote cancer progression.

Conclusions:

Understanding normal breast development and cell interactions is key to studying neoplastic disease.
Stromal components play critical roles in both normal architecture and cancer progression.
Various models aid in mammary gland research.