Regulation of eumelanogenesis-related genes by ethanol extract of Melaleuca leucadendron leaves

Eumelanin, a type of skin melanin pigment, possesses the ability to absorb a wide range of wavelengths, providing protection to the skin from ultraviolet radiation. However, excessive production of eumelanin may result in hyperpigmentation. Consequently, the development of skin-brightening products that suppress eumelanin synthesis to achieve a lighter and more even skin tone is necessary. The present study investigated the potential application of Melaleuca leucadendron as a natural skin-brightening agent. We investigated the effects of the ethanol leaf extract of M. leucadendron on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and identified the key factors involved in melanogenesis. This leaf extract significantly inhibited melanin production by downregulating the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase without causing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, it substantially reduced melanin content in a 3D skin model. These results suggest that the extract of M. leucadendron is a promising, safe, and effective skin-brightening agent.