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Medicaid Expansion and Survival Outcomes Among Men With Prostate Cancer
Oluwasegun A Akinyemi1, Mojisola E Fasokun2, Eric Hercules1
1Clive O. Callender Outcomes Research Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA.
Cureus
|January 17, 2025
Summary
Medicaid expansion improved prostate cancer survival for men in Kentucky. This policy change reduced the risk of death by 16.8% for eligible individuals compared to non-expansion states.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Health Services Research
- Public Health Policy
Background:
- Prostate cancer is a leading cancer diagnosis in men globally.
- The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid, increasing health insurance coverage.
- The impact of Medicaid expansion on prostate cancer survival needs further study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effect of Medicaid expansion on prostate cancer survival outcomes.
- To determine if increased insurance coverage influences mortality rates for prostate cancer patients.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data (2003-2021).
- Employed a difference-in-differences (DID) approach comparing Kentucky (expansion) to Georgia (non-expansion).
- Analyzed pre-ACA (2003-2009) and post-ACA (2015-2021) periods, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- Analyzed 68,222 prostate cancer cases.
- Medicaid expansion in Kentucky correlated with a 16.8% reduction in the hazard of overall death.
- Consistent survival improvements observed across racial and ethnic groups, particularly among low-income individuals.
Conclusions:
- Medicaid expansion significantly improved overall survival for men with prostate cancer in Kentucky.
- The findings highlight the positive impact of health insurance expansion on cancer outcomes.
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