A Literature Review on Oral Lumenoscopy: A Non-invasive Method for Diagnosing Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Dentistry still faces difficulties in diagnosing oral precancer and cancer, especially when it comes to early phase changes or disease detection, evaluation, and treatment. In essence, oral lumenography is the process of identifying oral lesions using a chemiluminescent light source and a toluidine blue labeling system. Since neoplastic epithelial cells have a changed nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, acetic acid dehydration brings out this nuclear density and gives the tissue an "acetowhite" look. This phenomenon is further intensified when diffuse blue-white chemiluminescent illumination is created by using toluidine blue, which preferentially stains premalignant lesions, in place of ordinary lighting. In developing countries like India, oral cancer and other precancerous and malignant lesions of the oral cavity are very common. The most common diagnostic methods for oral mucosal lesions suggestive of malignancy or premalignancy are tissue samples and histological examination. There is a waiting period following this invasive operation before learning the diagnostic findings. Thus, the creation of a non-invasive screening instrument is required to detect oral cancer. Thus, the main goal of our work is to create a real-time, non-invasive diagnostic tool for oral cancer screening that is based on optical imaging methods like fluorescence emission imaging and diffuse reflectance imaging. To enhance clinical assessment and facilitate the diagnosis of premalignant and early-stage malignant lesions, numerous novel approaches have been developed. In this article, the purpose of a tissue reflectance-based analysis has been discussed. It is currently offered for sale under the ViziLite brand (Zila Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix, AZ, US) after being altered for usage in the oral cavity.