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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Programmed shape transformations in cell-laden granular composites.

Nikolas Di Caprio1,2, Alex J Hughes1,3, Jason A Burdick1,2,4

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Science Advances
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed programmable granular composites using cell spheroids and microgels to control tissue formation. This method allows for dynamic control over compaction and shape, advancing in vitro tissue engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Tissue development involves extracellular matrix (ECM) compaction and shape changes.
  • Controlling these processes in vitro for tissue engineering remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create programmable and dynamic granular composites for controlled in vitro tissue formation.
  • To investigate how microgel stability and compaction influence tissue development and ECM deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of granular composites using mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids and hydrogel microparticles with varying hydrolytic stability.
  • Utilizing mixed microgel populations to modulate compaction dynamics.
  • Spatially patterning composites to induce shape transformations.

Main Results:

  • Programmable granular composites successfully controlled tissue compaction and ECM deposition over time.
  • Microgel stability and population mixing influenced compaction levels and ECM uniformity.
  • Spatially patterned composites exhibited stable shape transformations (bending/curvature) predicted by models.

Conclusions:

  • This approach offers dynamic control over in vitro tissue development and ECM organization.
  • The ability to program compaction and shape transformation opens new avenues for engineered tissues.