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Efficient Second Harmonic Generation via Plasmonic-Photonic Mode Matching in Hybrid Waveguide
Tianzhu Zhang1,2, Kaibo Cui1, Dudu Song1
1School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Nano Letters
|January 17, 2025
Summary
Researchers achieved efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) in hybrid nonlinear plasmonic waveguides by combining surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-like and photonic-like modes, boosting conversion efficiency for compact nonlinear photonic devices.
Area of Science:
- Photonics and Nanotechnology
- Nonlinear Optics
Background:
- Hybrid nonlinear plasmonic waveguides offer small mode areas and large nonlinear susceptibility for device miniaturization.
- Ohmic loss and modal dispersion in surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) limit nonlinear process efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) in hybrid plasmonic waveguides.
- To overcome limitations imposed by SPP losses and modal dispersion.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing a hybrid plasmonic waveguide design.
- Leveraging phase matching conditions with SPP-like modes at the fundamental wave and photonic-like modes at the SHG frequency.
Main Results:
- Achieved significant reduction in SHG losses due to photonic-like modes.
- Improved modal overlap using SPP-like modes.
- Demonstrated a high SHG conversion efficiency of 8.5% W⁻¹ cm⁻² in a 55 μm waveguide.
Conclusions:
- Hybrid plasmonic waveguides can efficiently generate second harmonic light.
- This approach offers a pathway for miniaturizing nonlinear photonic devices on-chip.
